Opening Sequence Analysis of 'Se7en'

Opening Sequence Analysis of ‘Se7en’

‘Se7en’ is a thriller film about the story of two murder detectives in a desperate pursuit for a serial killer who uses every murder to punish one of the seven deadly sins. The enigmatic narrative approach, suspenseful editing and eerie camera shots propels the audience within the thriller genre within the opening sequence of the film.

The opening sequence of the movie ‘Se7en’ uses a combination of clever camera shots put together to create a fast paced montage. The several clips shown develop an ambiguous setting, creating narrative enigma as the audience try to figure out what is happening. For example, several shots of pens frantically writing and heaps of paper work are shown. This could suggest that the clips are of the murderer and his progress in creating projects on his chosen victims. However, it could be interpreted to show the idea of detectives creating a case study on the killer in order to try and catch him. This mystery behind the montage of clips creates an ambivalent atmosphere within the audience, immediately reflecting the genre of the film: thriller. The use of graphic, disturbing imagery of the characters hands also creates a tense aura as it makes the audience squirm at the sight of peeling skin and razor blades. However, this may be affective in addressing the genre of the film, plunging the audience straight into the thriller aspect of the sequence. The use of rapidly showing images for a short amount of time creates a subliminal effect as the audience are triggered with flashing sights of disturbed figures, making them perhaps apprehensive or afraid of what may follow.

(Shot of Pen Writing on Paper)

When the sequence first commences, a loud sound, rather like that of thunder, is played as the image of papers flick throughout the screen. The use of the loud sound could be used to grab the viewer’s attention and create a tense atmosphere to set the tone for the rest of the film. As the sequence progresses, a constant sound of a beating drum is used to create rhythm and build suspense as the various clips are shown. Sounds of a high dynamic range such as screeching also accompany the steady drumbeat throughout the opening sequence. These sounds of screeching could connote the idea of the murderer killing its victims, or it could be interpreted to show the psychological pain the murderer is in as a result of his killing. The use of amplified sounds within the sequence creates an eerie atmosphere and creates suspense within the audience. This could be seen as a common convention of the thriller genre as sound is often used to build tension and engage the audience. Other conventions also used within the film include the predominant use of colour. Many dark colours such as black and red have been used to denote the idea of murder and death, the main theme of the film. The colour red also connotes the idea of blood, homicide and danger, suggesting that the film may also be of a horror genre. However, the use of narrative enigma keeps the audience engaged and want to keep watching to unravel the mystery behind the characters, reinforcing the mystery/thriller genre.

(Use of Colour Red Within Sequence)

As the sequence progresses, the audience become aware of the somewhat deluded and mysterious aspect of the character presented within the film. It is clear that the portrayal of the character is obsessive and disturbed through the use of images and camera shots. For example, the scene showing a collection of images, articles and notes connotes the idea of the murderer creating a project about his victims he has eliminated and perhaps those he may target next. The use of short clips and varied camera angles gives a confused effect, perhaps putting the audience within the mind set of the killer to give an alternative perspective to his deranged method of working. This also makes the audience question why certain things happen, and so are constantly engaged to discover the reasons behind the clips. The use of the font within the opening title sequence conveys the thriller genre of the film appropriately. The font type and editing used creates a disorientated effect, emphasising the mind of the killer and how he may be psychologically corrupt.  The scratching effect used in editing also creates a sense of fear and misdirection, making the audience afraid or curious as to what may occur within the film. The use of placing some of the titles on a plain black background also makes the words stand out from the page so that the audience are aware of the genre and other important information about the film.

(Title Shown within Opening Sequence)

Sound:

There are various sounds used within the opening sequence of the film from music to special effects. The use of non-diegetic sound, music, is a method used to spur fear and edginess within the audience, conveying the thriller genre of the film. The sound of screeching also builds suspense, as the high-pitched noise may be uncomfortable for the viewer, and so makes the audience feel nervous and tense. The use of amplified sound also creates a sudden burst of suspense at certain points of the sequence, making the audience jump and be wary when watching the various clips being shown.

There is no use of dialogue within the majority of the sequence, this allows the use of music and amplified sound to emphasise the thriller setting of the film and is used as a way to create tension without having to use dialogue.

Camera:

The camera shots used focus on various important aspects of the opening sequence, making certain features stand out and make the audience question what occurs. For example, the scene with the close of the hands holding a sharp razor makes the audience question why he is holding it and what he may do with it. The hand held shake of the camera also creates mystery and a lack of perceptive awareness, portraying the sick, disturbing thoughts going through the mind of the deranged character.

Editing:

The editing used within the opening sequence consists of fast cuts between various shots of the characters hands, paperwork and collection of data. These sudden changes in clips and also titles displayed creates an effect of striking fear, confusion and mystery within the audience as they are not aware of what may follow. However, the editing allows tension to be built as the ambiguous connotations of each aspect of the film have various meanings, which creates an eerie atmosphere.

Mise-en-scene:

The props and setting used within certain scenes of the sequence makes the audience aware of the genre of the film. The use of dark colours such as black and red are conventional of the horror/thriller genre, so the audience know what the film may be about. The use of weapons, such as the razorblade, is also conventional of this genre, so the use of props allows the audience to pinpoint a specific genre to the film.

(Razorblade Shown in Clips)

Genre Signifiers:

The various aspects of camera work, editing and mise-en-scene all give an indication of the genre of the film. The use of hand held shaking camera work creates a disorientated feel, which is a convention of this genre, making the audience be aware of the horror/mystery aspect of the film. The use of fast cuts and editing within the title are also conventional of its genre as various other films use this technique, for example, the title used within ‘Paranormal Activity’ uses a very similar effect, emphasising the horror genre of the film. The mise-en-scene also creates mystery as the audience may not be aware of what certain objects are used for and why, showing the narrative enigma used within the sequence, another convention for mystery/thriller films.

Dominate Ideologies:

The opening sequence to the film ‘Se7en’ does not seem to have any particular dominate ideologies or representations due to the lack of story behind the scene. There is also no particular way in which the montage of clips link together, this creates mystery and interrupts the possibility of being a standout ideology.

Narrative Enigma:

Narrative enigma is explored thoroughly within the opening aspect of the sequence to emphasise the genre of the film. This technique is used to make the audience question why certain things occur and create various reactions such as confusion and shock with the viewer. The use of masking the identity of the potential killer creates mystery, as the audience may want to know who the person is and why they are collecting all this information. The use of the collection of data such as images and articles also makes the audience suggest whether the killer has murdered many people within the past or if he is planning to do so. The convention of using narrative enigma within the opening sequence of thriller films makes the audience fully engaged with the film and make them question why certain things happen.

Opening Sequence Analysis of 'Zodiac'

Opening Sequence Analysis of ‘Zodiac’

The director’s proficient adaptation of varied camera shots, suspenseful narrative enigma and eerie dialogue impels the audience into the thriller/mystery genre within the opening sequence of ‘The Zodiac’.

The opening sequence of the movie the ‘Zodiac’ begins with the audience being plunged into the themes of mystery, gore and confusion. The scene starts off with the celebration of the 4^th of July, the Independence Day for those within the United States. The mise-en-scene shows various ordinary houses with the perspective of the camera looking out from a moving car. Within the background, chains of various fireworks persistently explode whilst children play with sparklers, setting the atmosphere of the occasion and creating a neutral mood within the audience. The first few minutes of the sequence consist of a couple that go on a date in a secluded area of land overlooking the town. The dialogue spoken within these few minutes creates a tense and confusing mood for the audience as they can see by the way the characters talk that something execrable may happen. Shots of various cars suspiciously approach the vehicle that the couple are in and then suddenly drive away. Once the cars have gone, the male character says ‘was that your husband?’ This may shock the audience as they may have initially thought the two people were a couple, however, it is evident the female character is cheating on her husband. By the audience gaining this knowledge, it creates a tense atmosphere, as it is probable that one of cars that approach the vehicle may be the husband of the female character. This may create an engaging opening sequence, as the mystery behind the husband may soon be uncovered. This may fulfil the ‘information’ segment of the uses and gratifications theory as the audience may be satisfying their curiosity and general interest of the beginning of the plot.

(Shot of cars approaching vehicle)

As the sequence progresses, Foley is used create the sound of a screeching car within the background as the couple remain seated within their car. However, tension and suspense is created when the male character with the car begins to panic, which is shown through the dialogue when he says, ‘lets go, now’. This creates a sense of urgency as the car slowly approaches them. The use of the word ‘now’ emphasises his desperation to leave, but his inability to due to the fact of the female character driving. This sudden burst of panic could create heightened tension within the audience as they are confused by why the characters may be incredibly afraid, emphasising the genre of the film, thriller. As the scene continues, the door of the other vehicle flies open and a man exits the car, this may be the height of the climax as the audience can foresee something terrible that may soon occur. By the door opening so quickly, the audience may figure out that the character may be angry which further creates a sense of tension and mystery. A bright light from a flashlight also beams into the car as the mysterious character approaches closer to the window where the couple are. As the figure approaches, the male character seated within the car says ‘you really creeped us out’, suggesting that he knew the figure which relieves the suspense for the audience for those few moments. However, suddenly, the characters are both shot multiple times before the mysterious character soon goes back into the other vehicle and drives away. This scene may shock the audience as they are left speechless as to why the characters had been killed and who by. There is a suggestion the killer may be the husband of the female character, however it is never explained so there is a possibility it could be someone else, creation further confusion and mystery within the audience.

(Screen Capture of Character Being Shot)

The use of costume and props within the opening sequence makes it evident that the scene was set within the past as old American cars and clothing are worn and used by the main characters. The music played quietly within the background is also an old pop song, further emphasising the era in which the film is set. The use of dialogue also creates detached feelings between the characters within the opening sequence, as the mood created is rather eerie and mysterious, even though the day in which the film is set is 4^th of July when people are usually in a cheerful mood. By the killer also having no words within the opening sequence of the film, it creates a sense of mystery as the audience are unable to figure out who the person is and even what gender they may be of as only their hand was shown when the shooting took place. The opening sequence for the film generally creates a tense atmosphere for the audience, which is a common feature for thriller films.

Sound:

There are various sounds used within the opening sequence from the use of Foley and music. The sequence starts off with the sound of fireworks, which are used as a representation of the time in which the film is set, a celebrated occasion. Various pop songs have also been played quietly within the background setting the atmosphere for the film and when it was set. The sound of screeching car wheels creates suspense as the expression on the characters faces show fear and the high-pitched noise grabs the attention of the audience. The sound of gunshots are also suppressed, creating mystery as the killer must not have wanted other to hear the shots after he had escaped, creating further mystery

The use of dialogue also creates an eerie atmosphere as a detached feeling is created between the couple shown at the beginning. The words spoken by the characters also create a sense of ambiguity and urgency, as the audience don’t know what is happening and whom the characters are afraid of.

Camera:

Various camera shots had been used within the opening sequence from the film including close ups, tracking shots, and long shots. The tracking shots allow the audience to see the setting and mise-en-scene so that they know what genre the film may be of and what may occur. The long shots were used to create tension as the view of the car approaching from a long distance builds suspense. The close ups could have been used for a dramatic effect to shock the audience. For example, when the female character was shot, a close up had been used to show how she had been killed, creating emotion with the audience as they see the facial expression of how she is experiencing pain.

Editing:

The editing used within the first sequence is very simple so that the audience are not completely confused as to what is happening. Cut shots and fading had been used to create a linked flow throughout the different shots. However, the use of the close up of the gun and other aspects create a sinister and mystifying atmosphere.

(Close up of Gun)

Mise-en-scene:

The props and background for the opening sequence creates the appropriate atmosphere of the 4^th of July. The fireworks and sparklers give a realistic environment and set a somewhat cheerful mood for those within the audience. However, once the characters reach the secluded area, a sinister and unusual atmosphere is created, as the audience are not aware of what may occur next.

(Fireworks at Start of Scene)

Genre Signifiers:

The introduction for the opening sequence could be used to represent a romantic genre as the scene follows a couple going on a date. However, once the killer is introduced, it is evident that the genre is of a thriller, horror and mystery genre. The use of showing a weapon is a common convention for a thriller or horror movie; the killer within this film is shown to be holding a gun, showing how the genre must be of these genres.

Dominate Ideologies:

One of the main beliefs that are expressed within the film is that cheating on partners is wrong and leads to consequences. The couple would have not felt afraid or concerned if cheating was acceptable in those times, showing how the beliefs were it was not right to do as they were, this then lead to a highly dramatic consequence of death.

Narrative Enigma:

The use of narrative enigma had been used to create mystery within the plot, emphasising the genre of the film. This technique is used to make the audience question why certain things happen to create confusion and shock. The use of masking the killer’s identity creates mystery, as the audience may want to know who and why he killed the couple. The audience may also want to know who the killer is and whether he may have killed people previously. These questions may lead to the rest of the film as the plot may be about the killer and catching him. The convention of narrative enigma used within opening sequences allows the audience to be fully engaged with the film and make them question what may follow within the film. 

Opening Sequence Analysis of 'Iron Man 3'

Opening Sequence Analysis of ‘Iron Man 3’

The director's masterful amalgamation of unique camera shots, witty dialogue and pedantic characterisation propels the audience into the superhero world within the opening sequence of 'Iron Man 3'.

The sequence commences with a voice over of the film’s central figure, Tony Stark, speaking directly to the audience. The use of the dialogue within the voice over compels the audience to think about what is being said and how it may affect the rest of the film. For example, the first few lines spoken in the sequence said, ‘A famous man once said, we create our own demons’. The audience may immediately think about whom the ‘famous man’ was and how people can create these ‘demons’. However, the dialogue’s ambiguity can result to various interpretations, such as the demons being a symbol of your inner self or perhaps your past. Whilst the voice over plays in the background, the first visual aspect shown on screen includes three of the iconic Iron Man suits, perhaps representing the three films that have been released. A low camera shot has been used to make the suits appear larger and more superior to the audience, emphasising the superhero aspect of the film. At first the audience may be in awe as they has either seen previous films or been interested in the superhero. However, the sequence suddenly progresses showing the suits self-destructing, which may shock the audience and make them wonder why they are being destroyed. This could then link with the quote previously mentioned within the sequence, symbolising the character of Tony Stark had created his own ‘demons’, those being the famous Iron Man suits. This opening few seconds within the film immediately engage the audience as they are plunged into action with the dramatically exploding suits and ambiguous dialogue. This may fulfil the ‘personal identity’ segment of the uses and gratifications theory as the dialogue may spark questions, allowing the audience to gain insight into one’s self.

(Screen Capture of Iron Man Suits Exploding)

As the sequence progresses, the film begins in the past, “1999, Bern, Switzerland” where the audience are introduced to the main character, Tony Stark, for the first time. By illustrating that the story begins within the past, the audience may be aware of future events that may have occurred within the first and second Iron Man films. This could be engaging as the audience can pick up on dialogue and characters, and how they link with other films. For example, the character known as ‘Ho Yinsen’ was first featured within the first Iron Man film where he helped Tony Stark build his first ever Iron Man suit and portable arc reactor. For viewers, which had seen the previous films, this could be engaging as they know the story behind this character and how he played an essential role in the other films, and it could perhaps be exciting as they are able to see him again after witnessing his death within the first film. The audience are also met with the character of ‘Harold Hogan’, also known as ‘Happy’, the chauffer and bodyguard for Tony Stark. They can relate in the way in which he has developed as a character and key roles he plays within the future. The audience may also find his introduction rather humorous as his character has an old fashioned, and unstylish, haircut known as the mullet, further emphasising the past tense nature of the opening sequence. This could engage the audience as they may be hinted that the film may have comedic aspects as well as iconic superhero action scenes. The use of starting the story in the past may be engrossing for the audience as they can find out the background information about the superhero and other characters.

(Title Showing Time and Place of Event)

The opening sequence then develops to a scene where the audience are given a first insight to a technology that may return to haunt Tony Stark within the future. The dialogue of the characters explain how the technology works, so if it is mentioned later within the film, the audience can relate to the past events which had taken place in ‘Bern, Switzerland’. The audience also witnessed a man earlier within the opening sequence, ‘Aldrich Killian’, a nerdy character apart of a scientific organisation that soon becomes the villainous side of the film. At first, the audience may not think of this character as they seem to have little or no importance in the eyes of Tony Stark, however, they may be interested in the way in which he approaches the lady behind the scheme of the new technology she had discovered. This could be engaging for the audience as they can pick out key features, which has the potential lead to the downfall of the hero. Also, by showing this nerdy character is abandoned by Tony Stark, it could suggest he had developed hatred towards him and how this may come into play within the future. The use of showing the new technology and other characters could show how the film may develop using these themes to create the villain, which Tony Stark would inevitably be involved with and try to defeat.

Sound:

There are various sounds used within the opening sequence of the film, such as the use of non-diegetic sound, music. The audience are first introduced with instrumental tones to create a sad, upsetting emotion, which could be used to emphasise the destruction of the iconic Iron Man suits. This may be distressing for any devoted fans of the superhero and spark emotion within the audience. The first sequence then progresses into playing a famous song of the year in which the movie begins, ‘1999’. The song ‘I’m Blue (da be bee) by Eiffel 65’ is used to make the audience aware the setting is within the past and to also grab their attention as the song is famous and well known.

The dialogue spoken within the opening sequence is also key as it leads on to the rest of the film.  The introduction of the key characters and what they say inform the audience of the plot of the film, such as the introduction to a new piece of technology which becomes a key aspect within the film. The audience also get an idea of what a character is like from the way they speak within the first few minutes of the film. For example, when introduced to Tony Stark, the audience may get the impression he is famous, cocky and witty.

Camera:

A combination of various camera shots had been used within the opening sequence, such as wide shots, close ups and low shots. The low shots used within the start of the sequence make the Iron Man suits stand out from the background and immediately inform the audience of the superhero within the film. Close ups had also been used for dramatic effect and to create emotion as it allows the audience to see facial expressions to get an idea of how the characters are feeling. Wide shots are very common throughout various movies that have been made, they allow the audience to get an idea of the setting and analyse the mise-en-scene.

(Medium Over the Shoulder Camera Shot)

Editing:

The editing within the first few seconds of the play starts off with the Iron Man suits being destroyed. These are edited in slow motion to make the destruction seem more dramatic and shocking for the audience. There are also various cut shots and fading which make each scene link in together rather than creating a detached feeling.

Mise-en-Scene:

The props and setting used for the party within the opening sequence creates an authentic atmosphere that gives a realistic feel for the audience. The use of the placement of props such as champagne glasses and balloons also create a realistic environment and set the mood as the audience watch the film.

Genre Signifiers:

The use of introducing the destroyed Iron Man suits within the first scene of the film immediately inform the audience the film is of an action genre are conventions of that genre are used, such as explosions and superhero equipment. The use of witty, gossipy dialogue may also show the audience that the film has some comedic aspects, as do various other marvel films. 

Dominate Ideologies:

The main ideology expressed may be the social scale of the main character, Tony Stark, against other people within the sequence. The use of having a bodyguard and several fans asking questions within a short space of time, it could show the popularity and status the main character has, emphasising the higher end of the socioeconomic scale he is within. This could also show how wealth ultimately has the ability of getting people recognised and perceived as ‘special’ people.

Narrative Enigma:

Narrative enigma had been used within the first few minutes of the opening sequence to make the audience question why certain things happen and to create a sense for mystery. For example, the use of showing a business card within the end of the opening sequence may lead the audience to question what was written on the other side, and whether or not it may be revealed later on within the film. This convention allows the audience to be engaged within the film and curious as to what may follow.

(Business Card Shown at end of Scene)

Conventions of Film Opening Sequences

Conventions of Film Opening Sequences

Film opening sequences/trailers are created to grab the attention of an audience and make them wonder what will occur as the sequence progresses. They may also get an idea of what the film is about and the ways in which the film was produced to create a certain effect. Each opening sequence uses different techniques to present ideas of the genre, themes and narrative approach. By the film studios using conventions of various opening sequences, they are able to create a successful opening sequence that would be attention grabbing for the audience.

The main conventions of opening sequences would be: the use of credits (such as the name of the producer, director, actors and writers), the title of the film, the production company, music/sound, narrative enigma, misc-en-scene and location, introduction of characters and genre signifiers.

Most, if not all films include opening credits to inform the audience who will be within the film and those who were apart of creating the film, such as the director. By including these credits, the audience may be aware of the actors and perhaps other films they have been in. Also, by mentioning the directors or producers, the audience may be aware of directing styles and previous movies created by these people and so may be aware of what they may expect to see. For example, within the ‘Skyfall’ opening credits, the main actor, Daniel Craig, is named so the audience may be aware that the film they are watching is action packed.

Another convention of opening sequences is the use of displaying the title of the movie before the first scene begins. The name of the title can tell the audience what the film is about and suggest what they may expect to see. The way in which the title is presented may also give an indication of what genre the movie falls into. For example, the ‘Gravity’ title name gives the impression that the movie will be about space and how gravity may affect things. The use of the blue light also makes the title look as if it is placed upon the atmosphere, emphasising the sci-fi genre that the film belongs to.

(Gravity Title Opening)

The production company that is shown at the beginning of a film is also a typical convention of opening sequences. These are mentioned to give publicity to the company as well as being recognised by audiences who may want to watch other films produced by these firms. For example, ‘Rouge Pictures’ is a company who produced the film ‘Shaun of the Dead’. The audience for this film may enjoy watching films of this genre and remember the production company, so when other films such as ‘Hot Fuzz’ are released, the audience may want to watch them. 

(Rouge Pictures Film Opening)

Genre signifiers are also used within many opening sequences to give the audience a hint of what theme or genre the film is based on. For example, within a horror film, many conventional aspects may be used such as the use of dark colours, sounds with a high dynamic range, blood and weapons. If the use of a scream is used within the opening sequence, the audience may make consumptions that the film is of a horror. The use of tense background music such as the sound of screeching violins may also emphasise the genre being presented.

(Screen Capture of Scream with Knife) 

The use of sound is also another convention of an opening sequence to a film. The use of sound and music allows the filmmakers to create emotions and feelings within the audience. The dialogue and voiceovers may also give the audience more of an idea of what the film may be based on. The sounds may also be used to allow the audience to interpret various aspects of the characters, for example, if a character has a deep, low voice, they could be seen as the antagonist. Music can also be used to create the identity of a movie, such as the theme song used in ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’.

(The Good, The Bad and The Ugly Film Poster)

Another convention could be the use of introducing one or more of the major characters within the play. This allows the audience to figure out the main characters within the play and how the story will be narrated. For example, within the opening sequence of ‘The Invention of Lying’, the main character is introduced as a typical office worker, but the story progresses to show how he invented the idea of lying. The narrative is told through his eyes and the audience feels how he does. By introducing the main characters, the audience are able to make an emotional connection with the protagonist.

(The Invention of Lying Film Poster)

Narrative enigma is one of the other conventions used within the opening sequences to movies. The element of mystery creates an engaging opening as it allows the audience to question why certain things happen and how watching the film will answer the questions. For example, within the start of ‘Shawshank Redemption’, the main character is convicted for murdering his wife and lover, but as the film progresses, the audience understand that he was actually falsely accused of a crime he did not commit.

(The Shawshank Redemption Poster)

The use of location and mise-en-scene is also a convention of film opening sequences as it enables the audience to figure out what the film is about or allow them to find out more information about other characters. By production designers choosing particular objects to be placed within each set, the audience can determine the genre of the film and perhaps what may occur. For example, within ‘Iron Man 3’, the opening scene shows the image of a business card. At first the audience may not think much of it, however, the card then reappears nearer the middle of the movie where the audience find out more key information about what was written on the card. This could show how the use of the card allows the audience to keep track of how the villain may have gained power and become a threat.

(Iron Man 3 Film Poster)

Representations In Films

Representations In Films

Representation is “how an individual or group is shown to the audience within a media text”. When focusing on the horror/thriller/mystery genre, there are various stereotypes and conventions use in order to establish the specific genre. The film directors often use conventional techniques in order to portray the genre clearly to the audience. However, some films challenge these conventions using non-stereotypical features, creating a different perspective in order to establish the genre effectively. The main topics expressed when looking at representation include: gender, ethnic groups, social classes and ages.

Gender:

Stereotypically, men are portrayed as the antagonist within horror and thriller films with the victim often being an innocent and vulnerable woman. The main protagonist also tends to be a dominant male figure that tries to protect the victims. A classic example of a male antagonist and female victim is from Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960s film ‘Psycho’. Within the first few scenes, a mystery murderer kills the well-known actress, Janet Leigh, shocking the audience. This has stereotypical features, however the removal as the actress so early on in the film could be seen as challenging the conventions. Women are represented in a stereotypical weak, powerless and delicate way, clearly showing the audience how they may be the victim within the film.

(Scene from Psycho)

Camera:

When representing more dominate figures such as male characters within the film, low angle shots may be used to portray superiority and power. This shot gives the impression that the victim, likely female, has to look up to the figure, further signifying authority and control within the situation. High angle shots may also be used within stereotypical scenes as it gives the impression the more dominant figure, perhaps male, is looking down at its victim, showing her vulnerability and fragility. Over the shoulder shots between male and female characters could also be used to show authority as the heights of the two subjects may differ. Stereotypically, the male character would be taller, so if this shot was used it could connote the woman is weak and powerless in contrast to the domineering role of the man.

Editing:

Various editing techniques could be used to portray each gender, for example, a shot/reverse shot could be used to display the disparity between the relationship of two genders, such as when the protagonist (male) is saving the victim (female). The use of this shot can show the various expressions of the two genders and how one character may seem heroic and the other perhaps frightened or relieved. The use of cut shots during an emphatic part of the dialogue could also be used to show emotions between two characters. For example, a male character may be saving a victim, within the dialogue a key sentence may be told and at this point the camera moves closer towards his face and creates a dramatic scene. This could be used for both genders and their certain feelings towards a situation.

Sound:

Non-diegetic sound of music may be used to build tension within each scene, depending on which gender is being shown. The music may be eerie and jumpy when the camera is on the woman, presenting her fear and vulnerability, however the music may be loud and sharp when the camera is on the man, showing his dominance and power within the sequence. Amplified sound of a high dynamic range may also be used within the scenes to create effect. For example, within a horror film, these sounds may be used when the victim is in danger, perhaps creating distress or vigilance within the audience towards the situation.

Mise-en-scene:

Women are often dressed in bright colours within the scenes of a horror film, connoting innocence or helplessness, as these colours are often associated with the victims within the scenes. The women also tend to have either little clothing, showing her defenceless nature or lots of clothing, making it harder for the victim to get away from its killer. The men are often dressed in smart or casual attire within the scenes. When dressed smart, it makes the characters look masculine and powerful. When the man is dressed casually, it suggests he could be a victim or with baggy clothes, a criminal figure. It is also conventional for weapons to be shown within the scenes. It is often the male antagonists with the weapons, connoting this villainous role and desire to kill.

Ethnic Groups:

An ethnic group is a group of people who share the same race or nationality that have a distinctive culture. These groups tend to have similar set roles within the stereotypical horror/thriller genre films. White people are often portrayed as the protagonists and victims as they are seen as ‘good’ and ‘innocent’. However, people within different ethnic minorities are often shown to be the antagonists within the films as they are portrayed as both violent and dangerous, or as victims for being inferior and weak. For example, within the new film ‘The Butler’ the afro-american figure is shown to be a slave, showing the weakness and vulnerability of his character whilst the white characters were in control of them. 

(The Butler Film Poster)

Camera:

Both high and low angle shots may be used within the scenes within the various ethnic groups. These shots could be used to show how some groups have more power than other or it could reflect their status within society. For example, one race may be shown with a low angle shot, making them look bigger and more power, reflecting their authority within society. Extreme wide shots may also be used to show the area in which each character may live. For example, a stereotypical upper class white character may be shown living in a mansion within the countryside. This could show the relationship between the character and their location.

Editing:

Short take shots of the ethnic minorities may be used to portray their lack of importance compared to other characters within the play, showing how they are not significant within the scenes. Cross cutting may also be used to compare the lifestyles between each ethnic group and how their differ from each other. Another conventional editing technique that may be used is ‘wipe’, showing how society wants to push them out.

Sound:

When shots of the various ethnic minorities are shown, cultural music may be played within the background to give the audience a better idea of the culture behind the group and their background. For example, within ‘Karate Kid’, cultural music is played to show the audience the background behind Chinese culture. The use of dialogue could also be used to present the various ethnic minorities. For example, the films may have characters speak in their regional languages, such as African or Indian, showing the background of where the characters come from. Another technique used may be the use of accents; this shows the audience the stereotypical location from where each ethnic group is from.

Mise-en-scene:

A common convention of placing characters within their cultural costumes is a typical technique used in a variety of films. This allows the audience to clearly recognise the location and culture of each of the figures. For example, Indian characters may typically be wearing saris, emphasising their racial background. Various items or props may also be used to stereotypically portray the ethnic group presented. For example, a white character from England may very stereotypically have a pot of tea and crumpets as the use of props, representing where they are from.

Social Class:

The social class system is when people have the same social, economic or educational status. The way in which different classes are portrayed within a film is dependant on the storyline. Upper class characters within films are often presented as snobbish, obsessed with money and always getting out of trouble because of wealth. Working class characters are often represented as being poor, aggressive criminals who often commit crimes and inflict pain upon others. However, class may be irrelevant within many horror films, however location may be focused in a working class environment creating realistic and eerie atmosphere. The working class characters are often portrayed as weak, whereas rich characters are represented as powerful. This is conventional within various films as it shows the power of wealth and how it can affect people. For example. within 'The Great Gatsby" the lifestyle is around wealth and how the characters are all involved within money and power. 

(The Great Gatsby Film Poster)

Camera:

Low angle shots may be used for when the camera is faced upon upper class characters as it makes the audience look as if they and underneath the wealthy characters, showing how they rich have the ability to control the working class characters. High angle shots may be used when the camera is pointed towards the working class characters, showing how they are weak and vulnerable compared to people with a higher status. Close up of objects may also be used to show how people are of a different social class. For example, a close up of accessories such as a gold watch or necklace may be used to show how some characters may be wealthy and within the upper class society. A two person shot could also be used to illustrate the contrast between the different classes.

Editing: 

Slow motion scenes could be used for the working class characters to create an emotional effect. This could allow the audience to emphasise with the characters on screen and feel what they may be going through. Cut shots may also be used to show the difference between the classes, such as the rich and poor, showing how their lifestyles are dramatically dissimilar. Cross cutting may also be another technique to show the difference between diverse classes and how their lifestyles differ.

Sound:

The use of dialogue and how people talk could be used to show how they are from different classes. For example, if a character uses lots of slang and speaks in a ‘cockney’ accent, they may be seen as working class as it is conventional for these characters to be presented within the way in films. If another character speaks in a formal manner with well-pronounced vocabulary, they may be seen as upper class as these are conventions for this status of characters. The use of music may also be used to present the classes, for example, orchestral music may be used to present the upper class connoting their sophisticated and mannered characteristics. However, perhaps rap music may be used to represent the working class as it often uses slang and taboo within the lyrics of the music, reflecting the language used by those within that class.

Mise-en-scene:

Upper class characters may be wearing branded suits with lots of expensive accessories such as watches and jewellery. Women may often wear items with many diamonds and gold if she was in the upper class, showing how they have lots of wealth and men wearing watches and smart suits showing their prosperity. Working class people may wear casual attire perhaps showing how they cannot afford the branded products. The upper class characters may often boasting about their wealth through luxury items, where as the lower class may treasure what they have. It is also conventional for a weapon to be used by this class within thriller or horror films.

Ages:

Within horror or thriller films, children or the elderly are often represented as being vulnerable, innocent and rely on others for help and care. Teenagers are often represented as being lazy, violent, and aggressive, and often causing harm to other characters. This is conventional and stereotypical within films such as ‘Kidulthood’ and ‘Adulthood’ as teenagers are represented within this manner. However, adults are portrayed as being clever, hard working and diligent. Within thriller films, the adults are often the characters who are either the antagonist or protagonist. This leaves the other age groups such as children or the elderly being perceived as weaker and innocent characters, therefore the victims within the films.

(Kidulthood Film Poster)

Camera:

High angle shots facing towards characters of a young or very old age may be used to show their weakness and inferior nature in contrast to the adults, showing how they may be the victims within the sequence. Point of view (POV) camera shots may also be used to show the perspectives of different characters. For example, a child may be shown with a low angle POV shot, showing how they are young and innocent. However an adult may be shown with a high angle POV shot showing show they are more dominant and powerful than the older frail characters or young vulnerable characters.

Editing:

Jump cuts may be used for younger children or the elderly creating a distorting effect. This could be used to show how they may be confused within certain situations and unable to address what it happening within the scene. Shot/reverse shots may also be used to show how different age groups react towards each other, such as the relationship between a father and child. Shots with deliberate continuity errors may also be shown for young children or the elderly, showing how they may be confused and disorientated within certain situations. 

Sound:

Depending on the various ages being shown, the use of music may change significantly. For example, if an elderly person was shown on screen, old 1960s music may be played to show the music of their era. Using quiet tones such as nursery rhymes of soft, rhythmical tones may portray the use of young children. The use of tone within vocal dialogue may also be used to reflect different ages. For example, young children may have high-pitched noises, where as adult men may have deep, low voices. The use of the tone within the adult’s tone may also be used to patronise or frighten other characters to show their ability to control them as they have more power.

Mise-en-scene:

The children within the films may be seen wearing bright colours with comical or animated characters on their clothing. This could be used to show their innocence and defenceless characteristics. Teenagers may stereotypically wear hooded jumpers showing their ‘violent’ and ‘thug-like’ features. This could be used to show how they commit crimes and are always stereotypically bad within society. Adults may wear smart clothing such as suits, showing how they have authority above other characters and have professional careers. Old people may often be dressed in smart clothes such as long skirts, jumpers and sweater vests. This could show how they are old fashioned and dress appropriately within society. The setting within each age group may also differ. Children may be seen within a nursery environment with various toys, showing how they are innocent and young. Teenagers may be seen within dark alleys, showing how they have a criminal nature. Adults may be seen within a typical office environment showing their profession, whilst elderly people may be seen within an elderly home as they rely on others for help.